By: Louis Catania, Division of Infectious Disease and medically reviewed by Ann K. Avery, MD, Infectious Disease Physician at MetroHealth Medical Center
Let’s talk about something people are curious about, but don’t always feel comfy discussing: oral sex and HIV transmissibility. 💬👀 You’ve probably heard different things, and maybe even some myths. Today, we’re breaking it down in a simple, honest, and no-judgment kind of way.
Because, let’s face it, oral sex is a part of many people’s sex lives, and (spoiler alert) it’s usually “lower risk” than other types of sex. But does lower risk mean no risk? Not exactly. So, let’s get into the real deal about how oral sex and HIV are connected, and what you can do to stay safe and confident.
Is it possible to get HIV from oral sex?
The short answer is yes, it’s possible—but it’s super unlikely, and it’s much, much lower than from vaginal or anal sex. There becomes a risk – a small one, at that—when…
🦷 Someone giving or receiving oral has just brushed or flossed their teeth hard, or has cuts, sores, or gum disease in their mouth, and
💧 There's contact with blood, semen, anal or vaginal fluids while having oral sex.
You can think of it this way: tiny tears in the gums or mouth that touch one of those fluids-- especially if the fluid doesn’t get exposed to air-- can give HIV a way in. Luckily, oral sex creates an inherently “hostile” environment for HIV. Saliva has all sorts of enzymes in it that make it hard for HIV to thrive, too.
Remember: HIV can only be spread through specific bodily fluids—that’s blood, semen/pre-cum, anal fluid, vaginal fluid, and human milk. HIV is not spread through saliva. Now, there’s a super, super low chance that deep open mouth kissing could pass HIV, but this is only possible if both partners have mouth sores or bleeding gums.
Basically, it’s very rare, but it’s not impossible. That’s why it’s good to know the facts about oral sex and HIV so you can make choices that work for you.
How to lower your risk
Okay, now that we know the risk is low—but not zero—what can you do about it? Good news: there are easy steps you can take to make oral sex even safer.
👅Don’t swallow: This keeps any of those pesky fluids out of the way.
🌊Rinse and spit: Swish some water afterwards; this will rinse anything off that might have stuck around.
🪥 No brushing: Don’t brush your teeth for at least 30 minutes before and after oral sex. This avoids causing any cuts or scrapes where HIV can enter.
🚫 Reach undetectable = untransmittable: We’ll go into this a bit more below, but keeping one’s HIV in check through treatment means they cannot transmit it to someone else, during any type of sex.
🛑 Use barriers: Condoms and dental dams are great for reducing contact with fluids, and help prevent all kinds of STIs (even beyond HIV).
💊Know about PrEP: If you're HIV-negative and want extra protection, PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis) can lower your risk of getting HIV from any type of sex.
More on undetectable = untransmittable (U=U) …
This bit’s important: If you or your partner are living with HIV, and your viral load is undetectable because of treatment, it’s not possible to pass the virus to others through sex. That includes oral sex. 🙌
This idea—called U=U—means that taking meds every day and staying on top of your health isn’t just good for you, it’s also one of the best ways to protect your partner.
More on that here: What is undetectable HIV and U=U?
So... should you worry?
It’s normal to feel a little anxious when it comes to sex and health—but learning the facts is a great way to take that fear down a notch. 💛 The truth is, oral sex and HIV don’t have to be scary. Understanding the risks (even if they’re teeny tiny), knowing your status, and making smart choices are what matter most.
Be sure to stay vigilant for other STIs, too. Syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia (among others) can also be transmitted through oral sex. Check this article out for more info: 7 STIs you should know about
And if you’re still wondering “how do I even bring this up with a partner?”—you’re not alone. These conversations can feel awkward at first, but they’re also a big part of building trust. Being honest about HIV, PrEP, and safer sex shows that you care about yourself and your partner.
Learn more here: Help! How do I go about dating with HIV?
Oral sex and HIV: the bottom line
So, how do oral sex and HIV mix? The real answer: they can mix—but they don’t have to (and probably won’t) lead to transmission. With good info, healthy habits, and smart protection, you’ve got the power to enjoy your sex life and stay safe.
More questions? Curious about your own health or looking for a space to connect with others who get it? 💬
That’s where the Positive Peers app comes in. 💜 Positive Peers is a safe, welcoming community full of real people, real talk, and real support. You can find info, advice, and friendships that help you feel strong and confident—wherever you are in your journey.
📱 Download the Positive Peers app today and take that next step with people who’ve got your back.